Like pyridine, 2-methylpyridine can form salts with inorganic or organic acids, and form addition compounds with inorganic salts and alkyl halides. During hydrogenation, α-methylpiperidine or pyridine can be obtained according to different conditions. The 2-position methyl group in 2-methylpyridine is highly reactive and generates pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (picolinic acid, C5H4NCO2H) when oxidized. In the presence of a dehydrating agent, it condenses with benzaldehyde to generate benzylidene derivatives. It reacts with paraformaldehyde at 200°C to produce 2-(β-hydroxyethyl) pyridine.
Pyridine and picoline are usually recovered from the by-products of coal coking. It is distributed in coke oven gas, crude benzene and tar. Generally, the boiling point of pyridine hydrates transferred from coal gas to ammonium sulfate mother liquor is very low. Between 95-97 ℃, the recovered crude light pyridine base contains about 15% of 2-picoline, which will be further rectified. Can be cut to obtain 2-methylpyridine. With the expansion of the use of pyridine and picoline, the production of pyridine and picoline by synthetic methods continues to develop. About 95% of pyridine and pyridine compounds abroad are produced by synthetic methods. The main synthetic methods are acetaldehyde method, acetylene method, acrylonitrile method and so on.
1. Acetaldehyde method: the reaction of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia, the main products are 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine and 4-methylpyridine.
2. Acetylene method: Acetylene reacts with ammonia, and the main products are 2-methylpyridine and 4-methylpyridine.
3. Ethylene method: the reaction of ethylene and ammonia, the main products are 2-methylpyridine and 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine.
4. Acrylonitrile method: Acrylonitrile reacts with excess acetone, and the main product is 2-methylpyridine. In addition, the reaction of acrolein and ammonia mainly produces 3-methylpyridine.
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