A type of synthetic drug, meth is used illegally to produce a high that is often characterized by erratic behavior and a rapid cycle of mood swings. Meth abuse can have devastating physical and psychological consequences, including long-term memory loss and heart problems. It can also lead to a variety of health and social issues, such as unemployment, family discord, financial difficulties and housing instability. Methamphetamine is a stimulant that blocks the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. When taken in large doses, it produces an intense feeling of pleasure that can last for minutes or hours and a high-energy state. It can be injected, smoked or snorted and is often mixed with other chemicals to increase potency and create different chemical effects.
Methamphetamine users often experience unpleasant side effects, including chest pains, nausea and vomiting, extreme fatigue, dry mouth (leading to tooth decay), weight loss, paranoia, aggression, hallucinations, and psychotic symptoms such as delusions. These effects can be long-lasting and can trigger relapse even after stopping meth use.
Long-term methamphetamine abuse can cause changes in the brain that affect learning, memory and coordination. It may also cause an irregular heart rhythm, which can be life-threatening. Methamphetamine abuse can also lead to behavioral problems, such as impulsive behaviors and aggressiveness, and it can have a negative impact on a person’s job performance. Methamphetamine is also a dangerous drug to be using around children. Children of meth addicts are at a higher risk for being exposed to HIV and other blood-borne diseases, especially when the drug is injected.
Illegally produced meth is typically made in laboratories using a combination of inexpensive chemicals, such as pseudoephedrine and ephedrine, which can be found in over-the-counter cold medicines. The resulting meth can be snorted, smoked or dissolved in water and ingested orally. It usually takes about 3 to 5 minutes for snorted meth to take effect and about 15 to 20 minutes for oral ingestion.
If you know someone who is using meth, it is important to talk with them in a nonjudgmental way and encourage them to seek treatment. You can help by providing information about treatment programs and offering to accompany them to a meeting. You can also contact SAMHSA’s National Helpline to find a treatment provider or support group.
