what is pipe fittings

Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, and redirect the flow of fluids (liquids or gases) within a piping system. They play a crucial role in plumbing, industrial processes, and other applications where the conveyance of liquids or gases is required. Pipe fittings are essential for ensuring the proper functioning and integrity of the piping system.

Some common types of pipe fittings include:

Elbow: Elbows are fittings with a 90-degree or 45-degree bend, allowing the direction of the pipe to change around corners or obstacles.

Tee: Tees have a T-shaped design and allow the flow of fluid to be split into two directions or combined from two sources into a single pipe.

Reducer: Reducers are used to connect pipes of different diameters, allowing for a smooth transition from a larger to a smaller pipe or vice versa.

Coupling: Couplings are used to join two pipes of the same diameter together in a straight line.

Union: Unions are similar to couplings but can be easily disconnected, making them useful for maintenance and repair purposes.

Cross: Cross fittings have a plus-shaped design and are used when four pipes need to be joined together at one point.

Cap: Caps are used to close the end of a pipe, stopping the flow of fluid.

Plug: Plugs are similar to caps but are usually threaded and fit inside the pipe, whereas caps typically fit over the outside.

Nipple: Nipples are short pieces of pipe used to extend a fitting or connect two fittings together.

Flange: Flanges are flat, round discs with holes around the perimeter for bolts. They are used to connect pipes or fittings to equipment or other structures.

These are just some of the most common types of pipe fittings. Various materials are used for manufacturing pipe fittings, including metals like stainless steel, brass, and copper, as well as plastics like PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride). The choice of material depends on factors such as the fluid being conveyed, pressure, temperature, and the specific application.